Here are the complete four sets of 25 Ethics and Moral Values MCQs each, with answers and brief explanations, designed for UPSC, SSC, RRB, and Postal exam preparation:

ETHICS & MORAL VALUES – COMPLETE QUESTION SETS

SET – 1

1. The word “Ethics” is derived from which Greek word?
   a) Ethos b) Ethicon c) Ethica d) Ethnic
   Ans: a) Ethos
   Ethos means character, custom, or habit in Greek.

2. Which is NOT a component of professional ethics?
   a) Integrity b) Accountability c) Self-interest above all d) Confidentiality
   Ans: c) Self-interest above all
   Professional ethics promotes service above self.

3. Morality is the science of:
   a) Virtues only b) Vices only c) Both virtues and vices d) Neither virtues nor vices
   Ans: c) Both virtues and vices

4. Which of the following is a principle of ethics?
   a) Deception b) Justice c) Envy d) Oppression
   Ans: b) Justice

5. Integrity means:
   a) Doing right only when someone is watching
   b) Consistency between values and actions
   c) Breaking rules for personal gain
   d) Avoiding hard decisions
   Ans: b) Consistency between values and actions

6. Which stage in moral development is about obeying authority and avoiding punishment?
   a) Conventional b) Post-conventional c) Pre-conventional d) Principled
   Ans: c) Pre-conventional

7. A code of ethics is:
   a) Legally enforceable b) A moral guide for conduct
   c) A uniform dress code d) A tax policy
   Ans: b) A moral guide for conduct

8. Truthfulness in advertisement is part of:
   a) Marketing ethics b) Labour law c) Financial reporting d) Consumerism only
   Ans: a) Marketing ethics

9. Which is NOT a universal human value?
   a) Compassion b) Honesty c) Hatred d) Respect
   Ans: c) Hatred

10. In business, the “grey area” refers to:
    a) Moral clarity b) Overlapping of ethics and law
    c) Purely illegal acts d) Marketing zone
    Ans: b) Overlapping of ethics and law

11. Ethics can be best described as:
    a) Science of money b) Study of religion
    c) Study of right and wrong human conduct d) Study of punishments
    Ans: c) Study of right and wrong human conduct

12. Which of these is a personal value?
    a) Punctuality b) Power c) Corruption d) Manipulation
    Ans: a) Punctuality

13. Reliability means:
    a) Being liked by all b) Being truthful
    c) Being dependable for tasks d) Being powerful
    Ans: c) Being dependable for tasks

14. Conflict of interest occurs when:
    a) Your personal interest competes with official duty
    b) Two people argue in a meeting
    c) You work in conflict zone d) Competition exists between companies
    Ans: a) Your personal interest competes with official duty

15. Professional competence means:
    a) Knowing your work and doing it well b) Avoiding responsibility
    c) Knowing people in power d) Strictly following orders only
    Ans: a) Knowing your work and doing it well

16. Which is an example of distributive justice?
    a) Fairness of salary distribution b) Fairness of trial procedure
    c) Fairness of election conduct d) Truthfulness in media
    Ans: a) Fairness of salary distribution

17. If you are honest, you will:
    a) Gain temporary benefits b) Avoid breaking traffic rules only
    c) Build trust over time d) Never be criticized
    Ans: c) Build trust over time

18. Good morale in a team leads to:
    a) Higher absenteeism b) Low productivity
    c) Positive work atmosphere d) Retaliation
    Ans: c) Positive work atmosphere

19. Which is an ethical trait in public service?
    a) Transparency b) Nepotism c) Bribery d) Harassment
    Ans: a) Transparency

20. Teamwork requires:
    a) Isolation b) Cooperation c) Competition only d) Self-promotion
    Ans: b) Cooperation

21. Locus of control measures:
    a) Sense of fashion b) Belief about control over one’s fate
    c) Communication skill d) Debt repayment capacity
    Ans: b) Belief about control over one’s fate

22. Ethical dilemma means:
    a) Easy decision-making b) No choice available
    c) Choosing between conflicting moral principles d) Choosing cheapest method
    Ans: c) Choosing between conflicting moral principles

23. Workplace respect involves:
    a) Only greeting seniors b) Respecting self, colleagues, and environment
    c) Agreeing with everyone d) Ignoring juniors
    Ans: b) Respecting self, colleagues, and environment

24. Which civil service value promotes fair decisions?
    a) Impartiality b) Favouritism c) Bias d) Dishonesty
    Ans: a) Impartiality

25. Post-conventional stage in moral development is based on:
    a) Self-interest b) Social expectations
    c) Universal ethical principles d) Punishment avoidance
    Ans: c) Universal ethical principles

SET – 2

1. What is the primary function of ethics in public administration?
   a) To maximize profits
   b) To guide actions based on right and wrong
   c) To make laws biding
   d) To ensure popularity
   Ans: b) To guide actions based on right and wrong

2. Which term refers to the ability to keep promises and uphold commitments?
   a) Fidelity b) Justice c) Autonomy d) Beneficence
   Ans: a) Fidelity

3. Which of the following is NOT a stage of moral development?
   a) Pre-conventional b) Conventional c) Environmental d) Post-conventional
   Ans: c) Environmental

4. Ethics that applies specifically to professional practice is called:
   a) Business ethics b) Personal ethics
   c) Professional ethics d) Social ethics
   Ans: c) Professional ethics

5. Which principle states that no harm should be done to others?
   a) Beneficence b) Autonomy c) Non-maleficence d) Justice
   Ans: c) Non-maleficence

6. Which quality is most important to have to build trustworthiness?
   a) Honesty b) Popularity
   c) Creativity d) Wealth
   Ans: a) Honesty

7. An ethical system that judges actions by their consequences is called:
   a) Deontological ethics b) Virtue ethics
   c) Consequentialism d) Absolutism
   Ans: c) Consequentialism

8. Which code outlines expected employee behavior within an organization?
   a) Personal code b) Code of ethics
   c) Code of conduct d) Criminal code
   Ans: c) Code of conduct

9. When one’s actions are consistently aligned with personal values and ethics, they have:
   a) Integrity b) Ambiguity
   c) Hypocrisy d) Dishonesty
   Ans: a) Integrity

10. Respect in the workplace includes:
    a) Listening actively to others
    b) Ignoring opinions of colleagues
    c) Silent disagreement
    d) Being competitive
    Ans: a) Listening actively to others

11. Which of the following best describes ‘empathy’?
    a) Ignoring others’ feelings
    b) Understanding and sharing feelings of others
    c) Controlling others’ actions
    d) Disagreeing politely
    Ans: b) Understanding and sharing feelings of others

12. Which value encourages working collaboratively to achieve common goals?
    a) Teamwork b) Independence
    c) Self-promotion d) Secrecy
    Ans: a) Teamwork

13. The term “ethical dilemma” implies:
    a) Clear right and wrong
    b) A decision between multiple right options
    c) A situation with no moral conflict
    d) Conflict between two ethical principles
    Ans: d) Conflict between two ethical principles

14. A person with a high “locus of control” believes:
    a) Fate determines life b) They control their own destiny
    c) Others control their fate d) Random events control life
    Ans: b) They control their own destiny

15. Integrity at the workplace results in:
    a) Increased absenteeism b) Decreased productivity
    c) Trust and respect c) Distrust
    Ans: c) Trust and respect

16. Ethics overlaps with what other system to form “grey areas”?
    a) Spirituality b) Law
    c) Politics d) Economics
    Ans: b) Law

17. Which is not an ethical principle?
    a) Justice b) Honesty c) Exploitation d) Loyalty
    Ans: c) Exploitation

18. What role does accountability play in ethics?
    a) Avoids responsibility
    b) Punishes mistakes only
    c) Holds individuals answerable for actions
    d) Covers up mistakes
    Ans: c) Holds individuals answerable for actions

19. Which concept explains treating everyone fairly according to the rules?
    a) Procedural justice b) Distributive justice
    c) Social justice d) Economic justice
    Ans: a) Procedural justice

20. Which of the following is a professional ethical breach?
    a) Confidentiality b) Nepotism
    c) Timeliness d) Diligence
    Ans: b) Nepotism

21. Truthfulness in marketing is important because:
    a) It influences purchase decisions honestly
    b) It exaggerates product features
    c) It ignores customer needs
    d) It hides product defects
    Ans: a) It influences purchase decisions honestly

22. Which of the following values promotes unity and mutual respect?
    a) Conflict b) Cooperation
    c) Individualism d) Disrespect
    Ans: b) Cooperation

23. Ethics in decision-making requires considering:
    a) Profit only b) Laws only
    c) Rights and consequences d) Personal preferences only
    Ans: c) Rights and consequences

24. Which value is concerned with truthfulness and transparency?
    a) Honesty b) Greed
    c) Concealment d) Fraud
    Ans: a) Honesty

25. An ethical leader is expected to demonstrate:
    a) Selfishness b) Integrity and accountability
    c) Dishonesty d) Manipulation
    Ans: b) Integrity and accountability

SET – 3

1. What describes ‘virtue ethics’?
   a) Focus on rules b) Focus on consequences
   c) Focus on character and virtues d) Focus on laws
   Ans: c) Focus on character and virtues

2. Which term means acting with fairness and equity?
   a) Justice b) Greed c) Corruption d) Nepotism
   Ans: a) Justice

3. Which is a universal value?
   a) Integrity b) Corruption
   c) Dishonesty d) Theft
   Ans: a) Integrity

4. Ethical behavior at workplace promotes:
   a) Suspicion among colleagues
   b) Trust and cooperation
   c) Secrecy and competition
   d) Conflict
   Ans: b) Trust and cooperation

5. Which of these is part of ethical communication?
   a) Deception b) Transparency
   c) Concealment d) Manipulation
   Ans: b) Transparency

6. Which of the following is a key element of corporate social responsibility?
   a) Profit maximization only
   b) Ethical treatment of stakeholders
   c) Ignoring community welfare
   d) Avoiding regulations
   Ans: b) Ethical treatment of stakeholders

7. An ethical code provides:
   a) Guidelines for moral behavior
   b) Legal statutes
   c) Financial directives
   d) Tax rules
   Ans: a) Guidelines for moral behavior

8. Which principle means doing good and benefiting others?
   a) Beneficence b) Justice
   c) Non-maleficence d) Autonomy
   Ans: a) Beneficence

9. What does ‘autonomy’ mean in ethics?
   a) Controlling others
   b) Self-determination and freedom of choice
   c) Obeying orders blindly
   d) Ignoring others’ decisions
   Ans: b) Self-determination and freedom of choice

10. What is the meaning of ‘ethical relativism’?
    a) Ethics are fixed and universal
    b) Ethics depend on culture and context
    c) Ethics are irrelevant
    d) Ethics depend on laws only
    Ans: b) Ethics depend on culture and context

11. Which is NOT an ethical challenge at the workplace?
    a) Conflicts of interest
    b) Nepotism
    c) Accountability
    d) Bribery
    Ans: c) Accountability

12. Which is true about ethical leadership?
    a) Leaders should model ethical behavior
    b) Leaders should only maximize profits
    c) Leaders should ignore employee concerns
    d) Leaders should bend rules
    Ans: a) Leaders should model ethical behavior

13. Ethical rules often conflict with:
    a) Personal interests
    b) Legal obligations
    c) Universal values
    d) Cultural norms
    Ans: a) Personal interests

14. What helps resolve ethical dilemmas?
    a) Reflection and consultation
    b) Ignoring the issue
    c) Choosing the easiest option
    d) Following others blindly
    Ans: a) Reflection and consultation

15. “Respect for persons” ethical principle involves:
    a) Recognizing dignity and rights
    b) Disregarding others’ feelings
    c) Exploiting weaknesses
    d) Enforcing obedience
    Ans: a) Recognizing dignity and rights

16. Which of the following is an ethical principle for fair treatment?
    a) Justice b) Bias c) Prejudice d) Nepotism
    Ans: a) Justice

17. Accountability in ethics means:
    a) Avoiding blame b) Taking responsibility for one’s actions
    c) Shifting blame d) Ignoring rules
    Ans: b) Taking responsibility for one’s actions

18. What should be the foundation of ethical decision-making?
    a) Personal gain b) Social norms alone
    c) Moral principles and reason
    d) Popular opinion
    Ans: c) Moral principles and reason

19. Which value is essential for building trust in public service?
    a) Honesty b) Self-interest
    c) Opportunism d) Deceit
    Ans: a) Honesty

20. Ethical behavior supports:
    a) Corruption
    b) Social welfare
    c) Dishonesty
    d) Injustice
    Ans: b) Social welfare

21. Which of these is critical for ethical communication?
    a) Concealing facts b) Honesty
    c) Distortion d) Manipulation
    Ans: b) Honesty

22. In case of conflict between law and ethics, an ethical person will:
    a) Follow the law blindly
    b) Choose ethical obligations if lawful
    c) Avoid decisions
    d) Ignore ethics
    Ans: b) Choose ethical obligations if lawful

23. Which type of justice involves fairness in resource allocation?
    a) Distributive justice b) Procedural justice
    c) Restorative justice d) Retributive justice
    Ans: a) Distributive justice

24. When is ethical reasoning important?
    a) When decisions affect others
    b) For personal choices only
    c) Not necessary in organizations
    d) Only when punished
    Ans: a) When decisions affect others

25. Which of the following is NOT an ethical value?
    a) Respect b) Loyalty c) Dishonesty d) Empathy
    Ans: c) Dishonesty

SET – 4

1. Which of the following statements about ethics is true?
   a) Ethics are always legally binding
   b) Ethics deal with what is morally right or wrong
   c) Ethics ignore social values
   d) Ethics promote corruption
   Ans: b) Ethics deal with what is morally right or wrong

2. What is the relationship between ethics and law?
   a) They are always the same
   b) Laws are minimum standards; ethics often represent higher standards
   c) Ethics replace law
   d) Law ignores ethics completely
   Ans: b) Laws are minimum standards; ethics often represent higher standards

3. The principle of “justice” requires:
   a) Treating equals unequally
   b) Fair and equal treatment
   c) Favoritism in decisions
   d) Ignoring fairness
   Ans: b) Fair and equal treatment

4. What is meant by “professional ethics”?
   a) Ethics of employees in an organization
   b) Rules set by law
   c) Personal opinions
   d) None of these
   Ans: a) Ethics of employees in an organization

5. Integrity in the workplace means:
   a) Compromising moral values
   b) Aligning actions with moral values
   c) Hiding mistakes
   d) Neglecting responsibilities
   Ans: b) Aligning actions with moral values

6. Which is a characteristic of ethical communication?
   a) Transparency b) Misleading
   c) Concealment d) Ambiguity
   Ans: a) Transparency

7. What is the role of empathy in ethics?
   a) Understanding and sharing others’ feelings
   b) Ignoring emotions
   c) Being indifferent
   d) Focusing on self only
   Ans: a) Understanding and sharing others’ feelings

8. Which value helps in maintaining discipline at the workplace?
   a) Punctuality b) Dishonesty
   c) Laziness d) Negligence
   Ans: a) Punctuality

9. Ethical decision-making involves:
   a) Considering benefits and harms to all stakeholders
   b) Ignoring consequences
   c) Only following orders
   d) Avoiding responsibility
   Ans: a) Considering benefits and harms to all stakeholders

10. A conflict of interest occurs when:
    a) Personal interests interfere with professional duty
    b) There is no disagreement
    c) Everyone agrees
    d) No stake is involved
    Ans: a) Personal interests interfere with professional duty

11. Which among the following is a key ethical challenge?
    a) Transparency b) Accountability
    c) Corruption d) Cooperation
    Ans: c) Corruption

12. What is “moral courage”?
    a) Fear of consequences
    b) Willingness to stand for ethical principles even under pressure
    c) Avoiding risk
    d) Conforming to others
    Ans: b) Willingness to stand for ethical principles even under pressure

13. Which of these promotes ethical behavior?
    a) Rewards for ethical actions
    b) Punishment for ethical actions
    c) Ignorance of ethics
    d) Encouraging shortcuts
    Ans: a) Rewards for ethical actions

14. Which of these best describes “ethical leadership”?
    a) Self-centered leadership
    b) Leadership guided by high ethical standards
    c) Corrupt leadership
    d) Authoritarian leadership
    Ans: b) Leadership guided by high ethical standards

15. Which is an example of procedural justice?
    a) Transparent hiring process
    b) Equal distribution of bonuses
    c) Ignoring complaints
    d) Favoritism in promotion
    Ans: a) Transparent hiring process

16. Respect for diversity means:
    a) Accepting and valuing differences
    b) Ignoring differences
    c) Promoting discrimination
    d) Enforcing uniformity
    Ans: a) Accepting and valuing differences

17. Which human value encourages putting others’ needs before self?
    a) Altruism b) Greed
    c) Selfishness d) Envy
    Ans: a) Altruism

18. An ethical culture in the workplace:
    a) Discourages misconduct
    b) Encourages secrecy
    c) Promotes favoritism
    d) Tolerates dishonesty
    Ans: a) Discourages misconduct

19. Ethical values play a vital role in:
    a) Enhancing team spirit
    b) Encouraging laziness
    c) Promoting conflict
    d) Ignoring rules
    Ans: a) Enhancing team spirit

20. Which of these is NOT part of ethics?
    a) Honesty b) Deceit c) Fairness d) Respect
    Ans: b) Deceit

21. What is the key to ethical persuasion?
    a) Truthfulness b) Manipulation
    c) Deception d) Coercion
    Ans: a) Truthfulness

22. Which is an example of ethical behavior?
    a) Reporting accurate data
    b) Lying to customers
    c) Ignoring safety rules
    d) Bribing officials
    Ans: a) Reporting accurate data

23. Which value is essential for transparency?
    a) Honesty b) Concealment
    c) Deception d) Fraud
    Ans: a) Honesty

24. Ethical standards are enforced by:
    a) Social groups and professional bodies
    b) Only the government
    c) The media only
    d) None of these
    Ans: a) Social groups and professional bodies

25. What is the ultimate goal of ethics?
    a) To build a just and fair society
    b) To gain money at any cost
    c) To promote power
    d) To avoid work
    Ans: a) To build a just and fair society